WIKID+MARKERS,+RENDERING



When your drawing has been completed in a pencil outline it will be time to transfer it onto the marking paper. First your illustration will need to be on tracing paper and then it can be taped to a flat surface over the top of the marker paper. Now trace the illustration through, but do it gently because if you press too hard it will give you a very strong pencil line and indents in the paper. Now we are ready to start with the marker pens. There are some things to remember when you’re illustrating with this medium

1 Do the rendering quickly and smoothly

2 Colouring from dark to light

3 Plan your moves

4 Leave white the areas you want white

5 To darken the colour go over it again

One of the best things about markers is that they can produce some of the slickest pictures I have seen. But then again make a mistake and you will have to live with it because they are really unforgiving. Ok so start! The best way is to lay down the major covering colours first and then go back to do the detailed parts. The trick is to lay down the colour quickly so your illustration will look slick and smooth, use the lighter colours first because if you were to make a mistake you could go back over it in a darker colour. Also you need to plan where the highlights will hit and leave the white paper showing this will give you the most intense highlights in your work. What makes a good illustration or rendering is contrast! The contrast between the light and dark adds real dynamics and a sense or super realism. Always be sure that the drawing is correct because when colour is applied it will show up 10 times as bad. Theses pointers may seem like a lot to remember and they are, just try to have fun with it and enjoy what you create.




 * Definitions of coloring terms:**
 * **Primary Colors** || Red (carmine), yellow and blue (phthalocyanine) from which all other colors may be mixed. ||
 * **Secondary Colors** || Orange, green and purple, made by mixing adjacent primary colors on the color wheel. ||
 * **Tertiary Colors** || Colors located between primary and secondary colors on the color wheel, created by mixing any adjacent primary and secondary color. ||
 * **Hue** || The clearest form of any color, without the addition of black, white or its complement. ||
 * **Chroma** || The intensity, strength or saturation of a color. The intensity of a hue can be reduced by its complementary. For instance, the intensity of green can be reduced by adding red -- the eventual result being a neutral gray. ||
 * **Value** || The lightness or darkness of a color, E.g. light or dark blue. ||
 * **Shade** || A color darkened by adding black. ||
 * **Tint** || A color lightened by adding white. ||
 * **Complementary Color** || Colors opposite each other on the color wheel. Mixing complementary colors will produce gray. ||
 * **Monochromatic** || A color scheme using values of only one color. Sepia (reddish-brown) is a common choice in illustration. ||
 * **Analogous** || A scheme using two or three adjacent colors on the color wheel. Example: yellow, yellow-green, green or blue, purple, violet. This scheme is equally useful in creating a simple palette for an illustration or a garden design. ||
 * **Warm colors** || Generally thought of as yellow, orange and red, which seem to advance toward the viewer. However this distinction may also be made of blues and greens. Example: ultramarine blue is 'warmer' than cobalt blue. Willow green is 'warmer' than sage and Cadmium red is 'warmer' than carmine. ||
 * **Cool Colors** || Generally, blues, greens and violets, which appear to recede. ||




 * The Color Wheel:**

Figure 1: The Color Wheel Relationships between colors are described by **the color wheel**. Used by artists of various expertise, the color wheel introduces **primary**, **secondary** and **tertiary** colors as well as color complements. The primary colors are red, blue and yellow, and cannot be created by mixing other elements. Howevere, any two primary colors mixed together will yield a secondary color - orange, green or purple. Tertiary colors are created by mixing a secondary color with a primary color. For example, yellow-green is made by mixing the secondary color green with the primary color, yellow. Color Complements are color opposites and contract each other, creating a vibrant, active color palette. They are located on opposite sides of the color wheel from each. An example of a pair of complementary colors is purple and yellow.

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 * Other useful techniques**
 * Transferring
 * Tracing
 * Carbon paperUse a fine point pencil or a ballpoint pen with or without ink as a stylus. Attach the top edges securely to keep in register and to allow for peek at the progress. Or make your own by blackening the back the back of your rough drawing with a soft black pencil.
 * Edgers: It is hard to control the length of a stroke. If it necessary to have a clean edge in the illustration or around the edges, the following items may be helpful: Drafting (not masking) tape, a simple card, an eraser shield, a triangle, a clear scale or a ruler.
 * Negative pencil. An electric eraser can be a handy tool for removing pencil marks from larger areas, but if a white line is needed to indicate mullions, flagpoles, masts, or cables against a dark background, a useful method is scoring. On thin paper a resilient underlay may be necessary to prevent buckling. The stylus may be a leather tool or an empty ballpoint pen. Simply draw wherever the white lines are needed. Then carefully stroke across the surface - the indented lines will remain white.

Figure 10: Example of using a stylus to 'draw' white lines and illustrate hard features such as walls and patios.

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